腹壁可触及肿物的超声辨别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 疣尿管肺部A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )疣尿管肺部见诸疣和膀胱之间，不一定设在疣尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见诸仅设在疣下。这些肺部可表现为完全无Echo或较低Echo。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 由此可知11A，疣尿管肺部，此肺部已受感染，之下含有微弱Echo的混合物。B，疣尿管肺部，虚弱的肺部前壁诱发反射伪影。

..Endometriosis睾丸血管壁乳癌Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).面有睾丸血管壁乳癌是睾丸开刀的长期合并症，无特殊表现，但可于以前疗程的瘢痕不远处见一全局肿物，并有周期性的疼痛和肿大。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 由此可知12 ，剖宫产伤疤不远处睾丸血管壁乳癌

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 面有血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于癫痫性咳嗽后、喷嚏或癫痫癫痫后，其根本原因不一定是抗凝病患或出血性疾病。由于血肿管制于腹直肌鞘内，不一定不很小，其形状根据所不远处右方而定，在弓形中央线以上，血肿都为卵圆形，长轴呈上下斜向，可于一侧认出（由此可知13A）；在弓形中央线以下，由于腹白中央线缺如，可拓展移向中中央线，因此血肿表现为分叶状，其最大间隔设在右下上。在胎儿面有血肿可见诸疣上斜向拓展（由此可知13B、C）。术后高能量性血管内人体内的病人可于面有疗程瘢痕一处认出大的血肿（由此可知13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 由此可知13A，一中年妇女剧烈咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，交叉督促腹横筋膜。B，胎儿面有血肿。C，一胎儿疣导管黏附不远处上面的面有血肿。UV，疣导管。D，一高能量性血管内人体内的剖宫产术后病人疤痕不远处面有血肿。

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